The Fund supports networks of state health policy decision makers to help identify, inspire, and inform policy leaders.
The Milbank Memorial Fund supports two state leadership programs for legislative and executive branch state government officials committed to improving population health.
The Fund identifies and shares policy ideas and analysis to advance state health leadership, strong primary care, and sustainable health care costs.
Keep up with news and updates from the Milbank Memorial Fund. And read the latest blogs from our thought leaders, including Fund President Christopher F. Koller.
The Fund publishes The Milbank Quarterly, as well as reports, issues briefs, and case studies on topics important to health policy leaders.
The Milbank Memorial Fund is is a foundation that works to improve population health and health equity.
S1 1987 (Volume 65)
Quarterly Article
Douglas C. Ewbank
Nov 5, 2024
Oct 30, 2024
Oct 23, 2024
Back to The Milbank Quarterly
Most estimates of historical trends in mortality are imperfect, the more so when measuring relative improvements between races. Combining information from birth and death registration, slave records, and census data, gives a picture of uneven progress. Urban-rural and regional differences have diminished for all-but especially for whites-with sanitary, nutritional, and medical care improvements. By 1940 blacks in all parts of the country were experiencing mortality rates comparable to those that whites had experienced 20 years earlier. Persistent black-white mortality differentials undoubtedly relate to unequal educational, employment, and income determinants of access.
Author(s): Douglas C. Ewbank
Download the Article
Read on JSTOR
Volume 65, Issue S1 (pages 100–128)